先上代码

DataClassesXDataContext db = new DataClassesXDataContext();

// 使用 let 关键字

DateTime dt = DateTime.Now;

var q1 = (from z in db.dtZone
          let adCount = db.dtAD.Count(ad => ad.iZone == z.ID)
          select new
          {
            z.ID,
            adCount,
          }).Take(10).ToList();

Response.Write((DateTime.Now - dt) + "<br />");

// 先 Select 后 Take

dt = DateTime.Now;

var q2 = (from z in db.dtZone
          select new
          {
            z.ID,
            adCount = db.dtAD.Count(ad => ad.iZone == z.ID),
          }).Take(10).ToList();

Response.Write((DateTime.Now - dt) + "<br />");

// 先 Take 后 Select

dt = DateTime.Now;

var q3 = (from z in db.dtZone
          select new { z.ID }).Take(10).ToList().Select(z => new
          {
            z.ID,
            adCount = db.dtAD.Count(ad => ad.iZone == z.ID),
          }).ToList();

Response.Write((DateTime.Now - dt) + "<br />");

在一个有 365 行记录的 dtZone 表和 5700 行记录的 dtAD 的数据库中进行嵌套查询（远程），同样取 10 条 dtZone 记录及对应的 dtAD 数，结果表明前两种执行时间相差无几，第二种略快，但第三种由于进行了多次查询，消耗的时间接近于前两种的 10 倍。结果仅供参考。

使用 SQL 语句

 

select count(*) from master.dbo.sysprocesses

或者

sp_who

 

使用 SQL Server Management Studio 查看“活动监视器”

 

SQL Server 2005：

在 SQL Server Management Studio 中，使用对象资源管理器连接到服务器，展开“管理”，然后双击“活动监视器”。

 

SQL Server 2008 R2 / SQL Server 2012 / SQL Server 2014：

在 SQL Server Management Studio 中，在对象资源管理器中，右键单击相应的实例名称，然后选择“活动和监视器”。

 

参考：如何打开活动监视器 (SQL Server Management Studio)

 

Apple’s newest devices feature the Retina Display, a screen that packs double as many pixels into the same space as older devices. For designers this immediately brings up the question, “What can I do to make my content look outstanding on these new iPads and iPhones?”. First there are a few tough questions to consider, but then this guide will help you get started making your websites and web apps look amazingly sharp with Retina images!

Things to Consider When Adding Retina Images

The main issue with adding retina images is that the images are double as large and will take up extra bandwidth (this won’t be an issue for actual iOS apps, but this guide is covering web sites & web apps only). If your site is mostly used on-the-go over a 3G network it may not be wise to make all your graphics high-definition, but maybe choose only a select few important images. If you’re creating something that will be used more often on a WI-FI connection or have an application that is deserving of the extra wait for hi-res graphics these steps below will help you target only hi-res capable devices.

Simple Retina Images

The basic concept of a Retina image is that your taking a larger image, with double the amount of pixels that your image will be displayed at (e.g 200 x 200 pixels), and setting the image to fill half of that space (100 x 100 pixels). This can be done manually by setting the height and width in HTML to half the size of your image file.

<img src="my200x200image.jpg" width="100" height="100">

If you’d like to do something more advanced keep reading below for how you can apply this technique using scripting.

Creating Retina Icons for Your Website

When users add your website or web app to their homescreen it will be represented by an icon. These sizes for regular and Retina icons (from Apple) are as follows:

iPhone	57 x 57
Retina iPhone	114 x 114
iPad	72 x 72
Retina iPad	144 x 144

For each of these images you create you can link them in the head of your document like this (if you want the device to add the round corners remove -precomposed):

<link href="touch-icon-iphone.png" rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" />
<link href="touch-icon-ipad.png" rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="72x72" />
<link href="touch-icon-iphone4.png" rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="114x114" />
<link href="touch-icon-ipad3.png" rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="144x144" />

If the correct size isn’t specified the device will use the smallest icon that is larger than the recommended size (i.e. if you left out the 114px the iPhone 4 would use the 144px icon).

Retina Background Images

Background images that are specified in your CSS can be swapped out using media queries. You’ll first want to generate two versions of each image. For example ‘bgPattern.png’ at 100px x 100px and ‘bgPattern@2x.png’ at 200px x 200px. It will be useful to have a standard naming convention such as adding @2x for these retina images. To add the new @2x image to your site simply add in the media query below (You can add any additional styles that have background images within the braces of the same media query):

.repeatingPattern {
     background: url(../images/bgPattern.png) repeat;
     background-size: 100px 100px;
}

@media only screen and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) {
     .repeatingPattern {
          background: url(../images/bgPattern@2x.png) repeat;
     }
}

JavaScript for Retina Image Replacement

For your retina images that aren’t backgrounds the best option seems to be either creating graphics with CSS, using SVG, or replacing your images with JavaScript. Just like the background images, you’ll want to create a normal image and one ‘@2x’ image. Then with JavaScript you can detect if the pixel ratio of the browser is 2x, just like you did with the media query:

if (window.devicePixelRatio == 2) {

//Replace your img src with the new retina image

}

If you’re using jQuery you could quickly replace all your images like this very basic example below. It’s a good idea to add a class to identify the images with hi-res versions so you don’t replace any others by mistake. I’ve added a class=”hires” for this example. Also make sure you have the standard (non-retina) image height and width set in the HTML:

<img class="hires" alt="" src="search.png" width="100" height="100" />
<script type="text/javascript">
$(function () {

	if (window.devicePixelRatio == 2) {

          var images = $("img.hires");

          // loop through the images and make them hi-res
          for(var i = 0; i < images.length; i++) {

            // create new image name
            var imageType = images[i].src.substr(-4);
            var imageName = images[i].src.substr(0, images[i].src.length - 4);
            imageName += "@2x" + imageType;

            //rename image
            images[i].src = imageName;
          }
     }

});
</script>

Server-Side Retina Images

If you’d like to implement a server-side retina image solution, I recommend checking out Jeremy Worboys’ Retina Images (which he also posted in the comments below). His solution uses PHP code to determine which image should be served. The benefit of this solution is that it doesn’t have to replace the small image with the retina one so you’re using less bandwidth, especially if you have lots of images that you’re replacing.

Website Optimization for Retina Displays

If you’re looking for additional information on creating Retina images, I’ve recently had a short book published called Website Optimization for Retina Displays that covers a range of related topics. It contains some of what is above, but also includes samples for many different situations for adding Retina images. It explains the basics of creating Retina images, backgrounds, sprites, and borders. Then it talks about using media queries, creating graphics with CSS, embedding fonts, creating app icons, and more tips for creating Retina websites.

第一步：生成执行语句

declare @name sysname
declare csr1 cursor
for
select TABLE_NAME from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES
open csr1

FETCH NEXT FROM csr1 INTO @name
while (@@FETCH_STATUS=0)
BEGIN
SET @name='旧架构名.' + @name

print 'ALTER SCHEMA 新架构名 TRANSFER ' + @name
fetch next from csr1 into @name
END
CLOSE csr1

第二步：执行上面命令生成的结果

id  name  score
1    李四      89   
2    王五      98
3    张三      90
4    王五      79
5    李四      97
6    张三      89

输出:
 姓名  成绩
 张三     90
 李四     97
 王五     98

sql语句要怎么写?

答案:

SELECT MAX([t0].[score]) AS [最高分], [t0].[name] AS [姓名]
FROM [dbo].[表] AS [t0]
GROUP BY [t0].[name]

我们继续讲解LINQ to SQL语句，这篇我们来讨论Group By/Having操作符和Exists/In/Any/All/Contains操作符。

Group By/Having操作符

适用场景：分组数据，为我们查找数据缩小范围。

说明：分配并返回对传入参数进行分组操作后的可枚举对象。分组；延迟

1.简单形式：

var q =
    from p in db.Products
    group p by p.CategoryID into g
    select g;

语句描述：使用Group By按CategoryID划分产品。

说明：from p in db.Products 表示从表中将产品对象取出来。group p by p.CategoryID into g表示对p按CategoryID字段归类。其结果命名为g，一旦重新命名，p的作用域就结束了，所以，最后select时，只能select g。当然，也不必重新命名可以这样写：

var q =
    from p in db.Products
    group p by p.CategoryID;

我们用示意图表示：

如果想遍历某类别中所有记录，这样：

foreach (var gp in q)
{
    if (gp.Key == 2)
    {
        foreach (var item in gp)
        {
            //do something
        }
    }
}

2.Select匿名类：

var q =
    from p in db.Products
    group p by p.CategoryID into g
    select new { CategoryID = g.Key, g }; 

说明：在这句LINQ语句中，有2个property：CategoryID和g。这个匿名类，其实质是对返回结果集重新进行了包装。把g的property封装成一个完整的分组。如下图所示：

如果想遍历某匿名类中所有记录，要这么做：

foreach (var gp in q)
{
    if (gp.CategoryID == 2)
    {
        foreach (var item in gp.g)
        {
            //do something
        }
    }
}

3.最大值

var q =
    from p in db.Products
    group p by p.CategoryID into g
    select new {
        g.Key,
        MaxPrice = g.Max(p => p.UnitPrice)
    };

语句描述：使用Group By和Max查找每个CategoryID的最高单价。

说明：先按CategoryID归类，判断各个分类产品中单价最大的Products。取出CategoryID值，并把UnitPrice值赋给MaxPrice。

4.最小值

var q =
    from p in db.Products
    group p by p.CategoryID into g
    select new {
        g.Key,
        MinPrice = g.Min(p => p.UnitPrice)
    };

语句描述：使用Group By和Min查找每个CategoryID的最低单价。

说明：先按CategoryID归类，判断各个分类产品中单价最小的Products。取出CategoryID值，并把UnitPrice值赋给MinPrice。

5.平均值

var q =
    from p in db.Products
    group p by p.CategoryID into g
    select new {
        g.Key,
        AveragePrice = g.Average(p => p.UnitPrice)
    };

语句描述：使用Group By和Average得到每个CategoryID的平均单价。

说明：先按CategoryID归类，取出CategoryID值和各个分类产品中单价的平均值。

6.求和

var q =
    from p in db.Products
    group p by p.CategoryID into g
    select new {
        g.Key,
        TotalPrice = g.Sum(p => p.UnitPrice)
    };

语句描述：使用Group By和Sum得到每个CategoryID 的单价总计。

说明：先按CategoryID归类，取出CategoryID值和各个分类产品中单价的总和。

7.计数

var q =
    from p in db.Products
    group p by p.CategoryID into g
    select new {
        g.Key,
        NumProducts = g.Count()
    };

语句描述：使用Group By和Count得到每个CategoryID中产品的数量。

说明：先按CategoryID归类，取出CategoryID值和各个分类产品的数量。

8.带条件计数

var q =
    from p in db.Products
    group p by p.CategoryID into g
    select new {
        g.Key,
        NumProducts = g.Count(p => p.Discontinued)
    };

语句描述：使用Group By和Count得到每个CategoryID中断货产品的数量。

说明：先按CategoryID归类，取出CategoryID值和各个分类产品的断货数量。 Count函数里，使用了Lambda表达式，Lambda表达式中的p，代表这个组里的一个元素或对象，即某一个产品。

9.Where限制

var q =
    from p in db.Products
    group p by p.CategoryID into g
    where g.Count() >= 10
    select new {
        g.Key,
        ProductCount = g.Count()
    };

语句描述：根据产品的―ID分组，查询产品数量大于10的ID和产品数量。这个示例在Group By子句后使用Where子句查找所有至少有10种产品的类别。

说明：在翻译成SQL语句时，在最外层嵌套了Where条件。

10.多列(Multiple Columns)

var categories =
    from p in db.Products
    group p by new
    {
        p.CategoryID,
        p.SupplierID
    }
        into g
        select new
            {
                g.Key,
                g
            };

语句描述：使用Group By按CategoryID和SupplierID将产品分组。

说明： 既按产品的分类，又按供应商分类。在by后面，new出来一个匿名类。这里，Key其实质是一个类的对象，Key包含两个Property：CategoryID、SupplierID。用g.Key.CategoryID可以遍历CategoryID的值。

11.表达式(Expression)

var categories =
    from p in db.Products
    group p by new { Criterion = p.UnitPrice > 10 } into g
    select g;

语句描述：使用Group By返回两个产品序列。第一个序列包含单价大于10的产品。第二个序列包含单价小于或等于10的产品。

说明：按产品单价是否大于10分类。其结果分为两类，大于的是一类，小于及等于为另一类。

Exists/In/Any/All/Contains操作符

适用场景：用于判断集合中元素，进一步缩小范围。

Any

说明：用于判断集合中是否有元素满足某一条件；不延迟。（若条件为空，则集合只要不为空就返回True，否则为False）。有2种形式，分别为简单形式和带条件形式。

1.简单形式：

仅返回没有订单的客户：

var q =
    from c in db.Customers
    where !c.Orders.Any()
    select c;

生成SQL语句为：

SELECT [t0].[CustomerID], [t0].[CompanyName], [t0].[ContactName],
[t0].[ContactTitle], [t0].[Address], [t0].[City], [t0].[Region],
[t0].[PostalCode], [t0].[Country], [t0].[Phone], [t0].[Fax]
FROM [dbo].[Customers] AS [t0]
WHERE NOT (EXISTS(
    SELECT NULL AS [EMPTY] FROM [dbo].[Orders] AS [t1]
    WHERE [t1].[CustomerID] = [t0].[CustomerID]
   ))

2.带条件形式：

仅返回至少有一种产品断货的类别：

var q =
    from c in db.Categories
    where c.Products.Any(p => p.Discontinued)
    select c;

生成SQL语句为：

SELECT [t0].[CategoryID], [t0].[CategoryName], [t0].[Description],
[t0].[Picture] FROM [dbo].[Categories] AS [t0]
WHERE EXISTS(
    SELECT NULL AS [EMPTY] FROM [dbo].[Products] AS [t1]
    WHERE ([t1].[Discontinued] = 1) AND 
    ([t1].[CategoryID] = [t0].[CategoryID])
    )

All

说明：用于判断集合中所有元素是否都满足某一条件；不延迟

1.带条件形式

var q =
    from c in db.Customers
    where c.Orders.All(o => o.ShipCity == c.City)
    select c;

语句描述：这个例子返回所有订单都运往其所在城市的客户或未下订单的客户。

Contains

说明：用于判断集合中是否包含有某一元素；不延迟。它是对两个序列进行连接操作的。

string[] customerID_Set =
    new string[] { "AROUT", "BOLID", "FISSA" };
var q = (
    from o in db.Orders
    where customerID_Set.Contains(o.CustomerID)
    select o).ToList();

语句描述：查找"AROUT", "BOLID" 和 "FISSA" 这三个客户的订单。 先定义了一个数组，在LINQ to SQL中使用Contains，数组中包含了所有的CustomerID，即返回结果中，所有的CustomerID都在这个集合内。也就是in。 你也可以把数组的定义放在LINQ to SQL语句里。比如：

var q = (
    from o in db.Orders
    where (
    new string[] { "AROUT", "BOLID", "FISSA" })
    .Contains(o.CustomerID)
    select o).ToList();

Not Contains则取反：

var q = (
    from o in db.Orders
    where !(
    new string[] { "AROUT", "BOLID", "FISSA" })
    .Contains(o.CustomerID)
    select o).ToList();

1.包含一个对象：

var order = (from o in db.Orders
             where o.OrderID == 10248
             select o).First();
var q = db.Customers.Where(p => p.Orders.Contains(order)).ToList();
foreach (var cust in q)
{
    foreach (var ord in cust.Orders)
    {
        //do something
    }
}

语句描述：这个例子使用Contain查找哪个客户包含OrderID为10248的订单。

2.包含多个值：

string[] cities = 
    new string[] { "Seattle", "London", "Vancouver", "Paris" };
var q = db.Customers.Where(p=>cities.Contains(p.City)).ToList();

语句描述：这个例子使用Contains查找其所在城市为西雅图、伦敦、巴黎或温哥华的客户。

总结一下这篇我们说明了以下语句：

Group By/Having	分组数据；延迟
Any	用于判断集合中是否有元素满足某一条件；不延迟
All	用于判断集合中所有元素是否都满足某一条件；不延迟
Contains	用于判断集合中是否包含有某一元素；不延迟

本系列链接：LINQ体验系列文章导航

LINQ推荐资源

LINQ专题：http://kb.cnblogs.com/zt/linq/ 关于LINQ方方面面的入门、进阶、深入的文章。
LINQ小组：http://space.cnblogs.com/group/linq/ 学习中遇到什么问题或者疑问提问的好地方。

<INPUT onfocus="oRng=this.createTextRange();oRng.collapse(true);oRng.moveStart('character',3);oRng.select()" value=abcdefg type=text name=text1>

当焦点移至文本框时光标定位在位置3。

如果要直接定位在文本末尾，把上面的数字 3 改为 this.value.length 即可。

代码：

 

说明：

该代码兼容性非常差，在XHTML文档中或在非IE浏览下浏览均不能达到预期效果，原因可能是它们的 select 元素的 z-index 太高，并且 css 定位方式不同，部署于应用还需改进代码。

例：每页 10 条记录，取第 2 页：

p=2;

n=10;

表A：分类ID,分类名
表B：产品ID，分类ID，产品名

要求取 所有产品以及分类名